DIRECT CURRENT PRODUCTION THROUGH INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER BY MICROBIAL FUEL CELL TECHNIQUE

Abstract

Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) operate by harnessing the ability of microscopic organisms to oxidize and break down organic matter. One of the key redox processes involved is bacterial gas exchange, during which electrons are continuously transferred from one location to another. Wherever this electron movement occurs, there is potential to capture electromotive force and convert it into usable electrical energy. Anaerobic microorganisms—those that thrive in oxygen-free environments—are particularly effective at generating electrons by metabolizing organic compounds such as glucose or sucrose. These electrons can be directed toward an electrode (terminal) to produce an electric current. Various wastewater sources naturally contain anaerobic bacteria. In our setup, we utilized sewage wastewater, pond sludge, and industrial effluents to generate electricity. The wastewater served as the anode half-cell, while tap water was used in the cathode half-cell. A salt bridge, prepared by solidifying a saturated solution of potassium chloride (KCl) in agar, was used to connect the two chambers and facilitate ion exchange.